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For over 400 years, the Golestan Palace and its ornate mirror halls, lush gardens, and intricately tiled facade have stood as a testament to Persian opulence and the artistic and political heritage of Iran.
The palace, originally built as part of a royal citadel in the 1500s and later renovated and expanded into a royal residence in the 18th and 19th centuries, has remained through centuries of dynastic upheavals, the 1979 Islamic Revolution, and the country's recent history.
Now, the historic site faces a painful chapter after the US-Israeli strikes on Iran left the palace damaged.
On February 28, the US and Israel launched a joint military operation targeting Iranian leadership in Tehran, escalating tensions into a wider regional conflict.
Within days, the Golestan Palace was damaged by the debris and shock wave that followed an airstrike in the nearby Arag Square, UNESCO said.
The UN agency released a statement expressing concern over damage to the palace and said it had shared the coordinates of nationally significant and World Heritage sites with "all parties concerned" in an effort to help prevent further destruction.
Under international law — including the 1954 Hague Convention — cultural landmarks like Golestan Palace are protected during armed conflict.
As the war continues, the loss in human life and culture is yet to be determined. The damage to Golestan Palace offers one of the first visible signs of how the fighting is affecting Iran's historic sites.
See how it was affected.
The Golestan Palace was originally built over 400 years ago as part of the royal citadel under the Safavid dynasty.
The Golestan Palace in Tehran, Iran, is over 400 years old.Efired/Shutterstock
Over the centuries, the palace, pictured before the US-Israeli strikes, served as the royal residence and ceremonial center.
The "Marble Throne" here pictured was built in 1806 and used for royal ceremonies.Victor Jiang/Shutterstock
The palace, pictured after the strikes on Tehran, was impacted by shockwaves and debris.
The Marble Throne room saw its tinted windows shattered.Fatemeh Bahrami/Anadolu via Getty Images
Artifacts like the Marble Throne feature ornate sculptures and delicate glass structures.
The Marble Throne in the Golestan Palace features carved marble figurines.tuzla/Shutterstock
Some of the palace's decorations were damaged or destroyed during the strikes.
Some of the marble figurines were broken as a result of the strike's shockwaves and debris.Majid Saeedi/Getty Images
For centuries, this now-damaged room hosted the coronation of Persian royals.
The Marble Throne saw the coronation of most leaders under the Qajar dynasty in Iran.Majid Saeedi/Getty Images
The surrounding room, full of intricate tilework, also suffered damage.
Tiles fell off and broke as a result of the strikes' shockwaves.Majid Saeedi/Getty Images
While the Golestan Palace remained structurally safe, its intricate tilework and decorations were badly affected.
Wooden and tiled decorations broke off during the strikes.Fatemeh Bahrami/Anadolu via Getty Images
The palace houses historical artifacts from centuries of Persian royal history.
The palace housed a collection of artifacts acquired by past Iranian rulers.Fatemeh Bahrami/Anadolu via Getty Images
More recently, the palace, pictured before the strikes, has served as a museum, showcasing its intricate design to visitors.
The Golestan Palace showcases the height of opulent Iranian tilework.tuzla/Shutterstock
Now, in the same room, windows, mirrored surfaces, and tiles lie shattered.
Broken windoes can be seen inside the Golestan Palace after strikes on Iran.Fatemeh Bahrami/Anadolu via Getty Images
The Mirror Hall in the palace was seen largely undamaged after the strikes.
The Golestan Palace's Mirror Hall seen after the strikes.Majid Saeedi/Getty Images
The hall, seen before the strikes, was built in the 1870s and often hosted receptions and state ceremonies.
The Mirror Hall is one of the main structures inside the Golestan Palace.SERDAR AYDIN/Shutterstock
Mirrored ceiling tiles fell and broke off during the attacks.
After the strikes, the mirrored ceiling was most damaged in the hall.Fatemeh Bahrami/Anadolu via Getty Images
Broken mirror tiles were scattered across the floor.
Mirror mosaics broke during the recent strikes on Iran.Fatemeh Bahrami/Anadolu via Getty Images
Some windows also broke during the shockwave.
Broken glass filled parts of the Golestan Palace after the strikes.Majid Saeedi/Getty Images
The palace's intricate facade, seen before the attacks, expands to the outside as well.
Tilework lines the outside of the Golestan Palace in Iran.Selim Seval/Shutterstock
During the strikes, some doors and nearby structures were shaken and broken.
Shattered windows can be seen outside the Golestan Palace after the recent strikes.Fatemeh Bahrami/Anadolu via Getty Images
For locals, the damage to the historic residence is only part of the struggle during the ongoing conflict.
The Golestan Palace has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2013.Fatemeh Bahrami/Anadolu via Getty Images
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Kristine Villarroel is a reporter on Business Insider's Editorial Partnerships team.Her reporting often turns data into accessible stories about how money, education, policy, and place shape Americans’ lives. She covers stories on college costs and degree outcomes, state-by-state comparisons, public officials’ salaries, the rising cost of living, travel, food, and real estate.She has previously worked writing about culture, entertainment, music, and tech. Her work has been featured on Teen Vogue and Wired. She graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in journalism. There, she worked as editor of The Independent Florida Alligator. Email Villarroel at kvillarroel@insider.com and follow her on X @ktnedelvalle